2013年12月四级阅读真题及答案(2013年12月英语四级真题阅读)

Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can'tthink of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep thanthey ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enoughwould probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足) crisis can betraced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries andother personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists havereached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours anight. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to doin the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, thatsleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,” says Dr. David. "They thinkthey're okay because they can get by on 6.5hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideallyvigorous."

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work,family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the leastexpensive item on his programme. 'In our society, you're considered dynamic ifyou say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8.5 hours, peoplethink you lack drive and ambition."

To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performancetests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall apassage read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're insleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr. David. “Short-term memory isweakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”

1. People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hoursa night because they

had _______ .

A) no drive and ambition B) noelectric lighting

C) the best sleep habits D)nothing to do in the evening

2. According to Dr. David, Americans _______ .

A) areideally vigorous even under the pressure of life

B) ofienneglect the consequences of sleep deficit

C) do notknow how to relax themselves properly

D) can getby on 6.5 hours of sleep

3. Many Americans believe that _______ .

A) sleep isthe first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy

B) they needmore sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday life

C) to sleepis something one can do at any time of the day

D) enoughsleep promotes people's drive and ambition

4. The word “subjects” (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to______ .

A) the performancetests used in the study of sleep deficit

B) specialbranches of knowledge that are being studied

C) peoplewhose behavior or reactions are being studied

D) thepsychological consequences of sleep deficit

5. It can be concluded fromthe passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to ______ .

A) improveone's memory dramatically

B) beconsidered dynamic by other people

C) maintainone's daily schedule

D) feelenergetic and perform adequately

1．B答案见第2段第1句。18、19世纪的时候，首先是因为没有电灯照明，所以人们晚上才无事可做，只好早早睡觉。而不是D项所说，是由于无事可做才多睡。

2．B全篇多处提到Dr.David的看法，在文中找到有Dr.David说话的地方，综合比较一下，不难看出Dr.David认为美国人经常忽视睡眠不足的后果。

3．A答案见第2段倒数第1、2句和第3段第1、2句。

4．C最后一段一开始就讲，为了确定睡眠不足所产生的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列心理和行为的测试，要求他们把一栏数字相加或者回忆刚读过的文章。这样看来，subjects应该是指人了。

5．D推理题，依据见本文最后两句话。其实，也只有D项才把睡眠充足所带来的好处讲得最完整。

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